Monica-Tom-CR+essays


 * __PAIRED WIKI CELLULAR RESPIRATION ESSAYS__**

Tom is more out of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles because sprinting is an anaerobic exercise. Anaerobic exercises are without oxygen, therefore, Tom is using up more oxygen than he is getting. Without oxygen the mitochondria cannot go through the Krebs Cycle and instead goes though Lactic Fermentation. Lactic Fermentation only makes 2 ATP while the Krebs Cycle and the ETC makes 32 ATP. When Tom is jogging he is going at a comfortable pace and he can go through the whole Cellular Respiration process Therefore, based on this information we can conclude why Tom is more tired after a sprint.
 * 1) Tom notices that he is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration.


 * 1) A scientist isolates mitochondria form human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP).

﻿ Cellular Respiration would continue because glucose is used only to make pyruvic acid which is used in the Krebs Cycle and ETC. Without glucose, only glykolosis would cease. The acid soultion would replace the pyruvic acid and the mitochondria would still be able to function.


 * 1) Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is mis-shapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is “failing to thrive” as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above.

﻿Baby Helen is having problems because she can't preform cellular repiration correctly due to the defective gene that makes one of the proteins in the ETC misshapen. She has problems because she can't make ATP correctly and can't reach her developmental milestones or gain weight. 


 * 1) Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

In photosythesis: energy from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide is transformed into oxygen and glucose.

In cellular respiration: oxygen and glucose from photosythesis is transformed back into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.


 * 1) Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged?

ATP's role in biochemical reactions is for energy. In the cells it is used for things like active transport, cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Cells get the energy out by breaking a bond connecting the 2nd and 3rd phosphates. To recharge ATP, ADP obtains another phosphate to make ATP once again. By doing this, the ATP can be used again and again.