Shannon-Kamila-CR+essays

26. Tom notices that he is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration.

When Tom runs at a consistent pace for 3 miles, his cells have enough time to get oxygen and produce ATP. In a sprint cells have a harder time getting O2, because it's such a strenuous exercise.

27. A scientist isolates mitochondria form human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP). Cellular respiration allows energy to be stored and released in chemical bonds of glucose. To make ATP, O2 is needed, and when mithocondria mixes with acid it releases CO2 which is also needed for making ATP. 28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is mis-shapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is “failing to thrive” as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above. **Helen needs ATP for life so if she doesn't get enough, ETC isn't developed enough for ATP to be made. Her growth and development is negatively effected.** 29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. **﻿ Cellular respiration is either aerobic or anaerobic. The difference between the two is that aerobic cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert glucose into energy while anaerobic cellular respiration releases CO2.**

30. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged?

**ATP in our cells is used for energy and different cell processes. The bonds are broken to release the energy stored in ATP. The ADP goes to the ETC and another phosphate is attached to form ATP.**