RESPIRATORY+SYSTEM+3

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The trachea is a tube leading to the lungs and its job is to filter the incoming air. The lungs are located at the end of the trachea and are used to breathe in air, sort through the gases breathed in for oxygen for the rest of the body. The diaphragm is below the lungs and causes the lungs to expand and contract causing air to come in and out of the lungs. The epiglottus is at the top of the throat and stops food and drink from getting into the air pipe while eating. The larynx, also known as the "adam's apple," protects the trachea and allows us to make sound. The vocal cords are located inside the larynx and produce sound**.**

A cell's job inside the trachea is to stop particles from getting to the lungs. The cilia grab onto the small particles and trap them in the goblet cells full of mucus. Having the columnar shape with the cilia on top and the goblet cells underneath them makes it a very efficient way of trapping and placing the particles in the mucus.

__THE BREATHING PROCESS__

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When the air reaches the lungs it goes through the bronchi and bronchioles to the aveoli. Oxygen passes through the wall of the aveolus and into the blood in small capillaries. Once in the blood, red blood cells take the oxygen to the heart where it can be sent throughout the body. After all the oxygen has been used up, the blood comes back carrying CO2 and other waste and goes back through the aveolus wall. From there the waste goes back through the bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, and out through the mouth. media type="youtube" key="vVm3FbBXYhg" height="344" width="425" ü Major **__functions__** of respiratory system
 * Body System Checklist ** - **Respiratory System**

ü Describe how the **__structure__** of a cell inside the trachea (pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue) provides an advantage on its **__function__**. (include goblet cells and cilia and what they do)

ü Explain the major **__parts__** - trachea, lungs, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx, vocal cords – and list the function(s) of each. Include a picture/diagram

ü Describe the “**__breathing__**” process. o How is the diaphragm used to inhale and exhale? o How and where do you get oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide? (include what happens at the **__alveoli__** here-look up **//gas exchange//**).

ü Explain what **__COPD__** is. What are some risk factors that contribute to COPD? What are some types of COPD ?

COPD is Chronic Obstructive Pulmanry Disease. COPD damages lumgs making it harder to breathe. It causes scarring of the lung tissue. Some factors that contribute are smoking, people whose mothers smoke during pregnacy. It affects lung growth and development. COPD includes conditions such as bronchitis and emphysema.

ü Find **//4 fun/interesting facts//** about your body system. You may list the facts as sentences or use them to create trivia questions.

1) Each minute you are breathing in about 13 pints of air. 2) Resting heart rate is usually between 72-80 beats per minute in women and 64-72 beats per minute in men. 3) You exhale 78% nitrogen, 16% oxygen, 4.5% CO2 and 9.7% other gases. 4) When you inhale your rib muscles contract. When you exhale your rib muscles relax.

ü Develop **//10 multiple choice questions//** and put them in your wiki so that your peers can answer them after you go over your body system.

A) even B) uneven
 * 1) Is the nasal cavity's wall are...**

A) ears B) mouth C) nostrils D) eyes
 * 2) When we breathe in, air goes in the body through the...**

A) trachea B) alveoli C) mouth D) lungs
 * 3) Gas exchanges takes place where?**

A) lungs B) trachea C) nasal cavity D) adams apple
 * 4) The larynx is also known as the...**

A) pharynx B) larynx C) diaphgram D) none of the above
 * 5) Tonsils are found in the...**

A) abdomin B) thoracic cavity C) nasal cavity D) esophagaus
 * 6) The lungs are found in the...**

A) pleura B) water C) hairs D) mucus
 * 7) The lungs are covered with...**

A) 5cm B) 13cm C) 8cm D) 20cm
 * 8) The throat is how many cm. long?**

A) windpipe B) voice box C) cilia
 * 9) The trachea is also know as.**

A) 8-10cm B) 4-6cm C) 14-20cm D) 10-12cm
 * 10) The trachea is about __cm long.**

ü //**Explain how your system might be involved, or not involved in the driver’s injury. Cite specific evidence.**// We think that the coughing blood, low blood pressure, and high heart rate are all effects of a problem in the respiratory system. We think that the coughing blood was caused by the pole hitting his lung allowing blood into the lung. The trachea then tries to remove the blood form the lungs by coughing. Also we think the low blood pressure was caused by the blood leaking into the lung, as the heart must pump harder to make up for the lost blood.