Excretory+and+endocrine+period+1

The Human Excretory and Endocrine Systems

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The major functions of the exrcretory system are as follows:

 * To filter and purify substances that are harmful to the human body
 * To store and hold waste
 * To release and excrete waste

The major parts of the excretory system are the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, lungs, and urethra.
__The Kidneys__ 

//Functions://
 * Purifies blood that makes up 1/4 of what the heart pumps
 * Filters waste
 * Produces Urine

The kidneys are homeostatic organs. Kidneys filter the human body's blood through millions of nephrons. The kidneys are behind the lower ribs and also are below the liver



__The Ureters__

//Function://
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Transport waste processed from the kidneys to the bladder

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The ureters connect the kidneys and the urinary bladder. There are two of them so that the two kidneys can connect to one bladder.The ureters use some contractions to get the urine to the bladder, but mostly use gravity.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__The Urinary Bladder__ <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Functions://
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The bladder stores and holds urine to allow release of urine to be voluntary

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The urinary bladder is a membranous and muscular sac located behind the pubic bone. The bladder can hold up to 400 to 600 mL at a time. The bladder becomes bigger or stretches to store more urine.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__The Lungs__ <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Function://
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">To remove harmful or not needed gases from the human body

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The main purpose of the lungs in the excretory system is to get rid of carbon dioxide from cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide goes from the lungs to the bloodstream. The blood stream takes it to the kidneys where they filter and purify the carbon dioxide, with other wastes, into urine.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__The Urethra__ <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Function://
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Transports urine stored from the bladder to an opening outside the body.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The urethra is a narrow tube. It is has a layer of smooth muscle tissue and is lined with a mucous membrane. This is the end of the excretory system for urine to travel through.

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__What is dialysis?__ <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dialysis substitutes itself for healthy kidneys. There are two types of dialysis, Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis uses a filter to remove waste and water from the body. Peritoneal dialysis uses a fluid put into the stomach through a plastic tube that also removes excess waste and water from the body. Dialysis is done through a dialysis machine, where the patient's blood is filtered.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.06em;">**__The Endocrine System__**
====<span style="color: #800000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.06em;">Along with the nervous system, the endocrine system controls the body. It uses hormones to affect cell's metabolic fuctions. ====

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The major functions of the endocrine system are as follows:
 * To excrete hormones into the body's system
 * To control metabolic functions
 * Helps the heart pump faster when it needs to

The main organs of the endocrine system are the pituitary parathyroid gland, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, testis (in males), ovary gland (in females), throid gland, and the hypothalamus.

__What are hormones?__ Hormones are chemical compounds that are released into your body to control and regulate metabolic functions. The molecules that hormones are, are steroids (cholesterol) and amino acids. Testostorone and estrogen are hormones in the human body for men and women, respectively. They both control specific gender defining characteristics.

__What is homeostasis?__ Homeostasis is whent he body regulates its internal conditions by using metabolic reactions.

__ Blood Glucose Homeostasis __ Glucose homeostasis uses the blance of two hormones, insulin and glucagon to maintain a normal blood glucose level.

Insulin produced by the pancreas helps transport glucose into body cells. Not enough insulin in the bloodstream lowers the amount of glucose the cells can absorb.

Glucagon, also produced by the pancreas, is released when blood glucose levels are low. Glucagon causes the liver to release glucose within its cells, raising the blood glucose level.

To decrease use of glucose, muscle cells use fatty acid oxidation to negatively affect glucose transport, starving itself.

__**FUN FACTS!**__

 * The urinary bladder is as big as your brain
 * Out of the two kidneys you have, the left one is always higher than the right one
 * There are 30 hormones in our body that are being produced by varios glands of the enodcrine system
 * The pineal gland produces the hormone responsible for sleep