Brynn-Carolina-CR+essays

26. Tom notices that he is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration. Tom is more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging because he is using up more oxygen which is forcing him to use lactic acid fermentation. When Tom is sprinting he undergoes anaerobic respiration and his body isn't receiving the oxygen it needs so its harder to make ATP. When Tom was jogging he was going through aerobic respiration and was at a steady pace, so his body was receiving oxygen and was getting enough to produce ATP so he was able to do it at a longer period of time without being out of breath.

27. A scientist isolates mitochondria from human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP). When the acid is placed into the solution it release hydrogen ions. These hydrogen ions then go through the innermembranous space and into the matrix by going through ATP synthase. From there the hydrogen ions go from a higher concentration to a lower concentration and as they pass through the protein channels they combine with ADP and a phosphate making ATP.

28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is misshapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is "failing to thrive" as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above. Baby Helen's probelm is how her ETC is damaged and she can't produce enough ATP to her body. Since one of her proteins in her ETC is misshapen she can't perform efficiently because it is slowing the process down and making it harder for her body to make the hydrogen ions which is causing her to have a defect in gaining weight and growing.

29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The basic transformation of photosynthesis of energy is sunlight+H20+CO2 to glucose+O2. While cellular respiration is glucose+O2 to ATP+H20+CO2.

30.Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged? In biochemical reactions ATP is used to for energy and your body uses ATP by breaking the bond of the last phosphate. Your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP by breaking the bond between ADP and a phosphate. ATP is recharged by attaching a phosphate to ADP and it becomes ATP again.