Mike-Kosta-CR+essays

26. Tom notices that is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration.

When he runs for a long period of time he is able to recieve a normal amount of oxygen and is able to go through regular cellular respiration. When he sprints he is unable to get enough oxygen to his cells and creates a oxygen debt. When the cells don't get enough oxygen and creates what is known as an oxygen debt. When the cells don't get enough oxygen they most go through lactic acid fermentation which doesn't make enough ATP. This is why he would be more tired and out of breathe.

27. A scientist isolates mitochondria from human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP).

The hydrogen moleules travel from the matrix to the intermembious space by active transport. It does this because it wants to go from a low concentration to a high concentration. Than the last electron carrier requires O2. Then it goes through the ATP synthase. Then one more ATP molecule is made.

28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is misshapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is "failing to thrive" as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above.

The ETC is responsible for making most of the ATP in cellular respiration. ATP is used for energy and could explain why she is unable to reach certain milestones of her life. It also produces glucose and this is important for gaining weight.

29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

The formula for photosynthesis is CO2+H2O+Sunlight to C6H12O6+ O2 and cellular respirations formula is C6H12O6+ O2 to CO2+ H2O+ATP which makes them complete opposites. Photosynthesis turns energy from sunlight to glucose and oxygen. In cellular respiration glucose and oxygen are used to make ATP energy.

30. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged?

ATP is used for many functions in the body. It is how people get their energy. In order to get energy out of ATP a phosphate bond must be broken and converted to ADP which releases energy. Then in order to recharge the molecule the phosphate group is re bonded and converted back to ATP in order to be able to be able to make more energy.