Dominic-John-CR+essays

===﻿ 26. Tom notices that he is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration. === ===When Tom runs in a sprint he uses alot more energy to go all out and sprint, rather then jogging when you go at your own pace. Sprinting makes you breathe harder after exersize because you do it at a faster pace and you produce ATP at a slower pace. When you are jogging, your body has the time to produce more ATP, because your mitochondria have time to give off more ATP. During sprinting, your body can not produce enough oxygen,anaerobic, to continue and produce ATP, your body will go through lactic acid fermentation. When you are jogging though, your body is with oxygen, anerobic, so it does not have to go through lactic acid fermentation so it is a more efficent process.=== ===27. A scientist isolates mitochondria form human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP). ===

===When a scientist isolates the mitochondria from human cells and places them in an acid solution, the acid solution will travel through the intermembranious space in the mitochondria and it will flow into the matrix. The acid that flows into the matrix will will help with the Krebs Cycle. This is because the Krebs Cycle takes place in the matrix and the acid will generate the Krebs Cycle. The cycle makes ATP, so with the acid solution in the matrix, there will be ATP being made.=== ===28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is mis-shapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is “failing to thrive” as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above. === ===﻿Baby Helen is having trouble producing ATP in her body because she has a defective gene that makes a defective make up of one of the proteins in the electron transport gene. The gene that is disformed cannot perform its function as efficent compared to a gene that is shaped perfectly. The baby is having a hard time to put weight on and develpoing the rest of her body features. This is because the defective gene in her electron transport chain is making the H+ ions get stuck in the chain and it can not produce water and ATP. ===

29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
===During cellular respiration, the energy from the make up Oxygen and Glucose get transferred into usable energy in the form of ATP. The energy that is made from glucose turns into ATP energy. The formula for cellular respiration is glucose + oxygen -> ATP + Water + Carbon. During photosynthesis, the energy from the sun gets transferred into glucose, or food energy. The chlorophyll absorbs light that gets transferred into ATP. The formula for ATP is sunlight + water + carbon dioxide > oxygen and glucose.===

===30. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged? ===

===The role of ATP in bichemical reactinos is that it is used in all of the cell processes. ATP is used to transport molecules across the cells membrane and to help provide energy. We get energy out of a molecule of ATP by breaking off a phosphate. When we break off a phosphate this leaves a ADP. ATP is recharged by having an ADP molecule, and re-attaching a phosphate bond. This will lead to another molecule of ATP.===